Spoken Past

Epigraphy

Articles tagged Epigraphy.

What is the Lex Irnitana Municipal Law and How it Worked

Lex Irnitana: How Roman Municipal Law Worked

Oct 05, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

What is the Lex Irnitana? AD 91, a municipal charter from Baetica and one of the principal sources for Roman civil procedure in the...

Did slaves built the parthenon?

Did Slaves Build the Parthenon?

Sep 25, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Did slaves build the Parthenon? Inscriptions and wage lists from Athens show a mostly paid workforce of citizens and metics, with enslaved labour in...

How a Roman Mile Marker Worked

Roman Mile Markers: How Roads Measured Empire

Sep 17, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Roman mile markers recorded distance, authority, and repairs on imperial roads. See how milestones worked, what they said, and how Rome kept roads running.

Aerial View of Hippos (Sussita) above the Sea of Galilee

Did Archaeologists Find the World’s Oldest Nursing Home?

Aug 31, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Did Archaeologists Find the World’s Oldest Nursing Home a mosaic at Byzantine Hippos blesses “the elders” at a building entrance.

Ancient Graffiti Voices of the Forgotten

Pompeii Graffiti: Insults, Sex, and Roman Daily Life

Aug 21, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Pompeii graffiti preserves insults, jokes, desire, politics, and ordinary Roman speech. The walls reveal daily life beyond elite literature.

From Myth to History

From Myth to History: How Ancient Legends Get Tested

Aug 16, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Troy was excavated, Gilgamesh had a real city behind him, and Ramesses II left a treaty that contradicts his own battle reliefs. Here is...

Presentism in Ancient History: How Modern Bias Distorts the Past

Presentism: How Modern Bias Distorts Ancient History

Aug 16, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

What presentism is, how it distorts ancient evidence, and a clear method to reduce modern bias while keeping arguments relevant.

Rongorongo and the Unsolved Mystery of Easter Island

Rongorongo: Easter Island’s Undeciphered Script

Aug 10, 2025-By Caiden Pannell

Rongorongo is the undeciphered script of Easter Island, carved on fewer than 30 surviving tablets, and these are the reasons it has never been...

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